Kitchen

Kitchen By: Banana Yoshimoto Mikage Satsuki Growing up is tough; especially when you are alone and young. It forces you to fend for yourself against the world. Instead of playing with your friends, you spend your time figuring out where your next meal is coming from. Which is a sad and scary truth; few stop to think of these poor souls that get such an unfortunate fate. In Banana Yoshimoto’s Kitchen, the character Mikage undergoes many of changes, but one thing throughout this book that does not change is her love of kitchens.Her parents passed away when she was young and her grandmother raised her. When her grandmother also passed away, she became depressed, listless, and orphaned. In the beginning of the book she is lonely, since none of her blood relatives are still alive. After she moves in with the Tanabe's, however, she finds the courage to face life again. She has a strong bond with kitchens; they seem to give her a calming feeling and help to ease her loneliness. Kitch ens serve as a comfort for her.Throughout the course of this novel Kitchen, Banana Yoshimoto depicts Mikage as a person of great morals, who loves kitchens, and is incredibly strong-willed. In this novel Mikage appears to be an individualist who keeps her morals intact; her grandparents brought her up to be an accepting, gracious person. Mikage is a person of great temperance, although she is a little touchy about her relationship with Yoichi. She is also courageous for a person who lost her entire family, and, because she doesn't want to get hurt again, she distanced herself from other people. When was it I realized that, on this truly dark and solitary path we all walk, the only way we can light is our own? † (Yoshimoto, pg. 21). Her moral stature is apparent when Yoichi tells her that Eriko is a transgender, and instead of getting upset about it, she accepted it because she feels she can trust them. Her dominant traits are her love of cooking and her love of kitchens. These traits originate when her grandmother passes away; the hum of the refrigerator keeps her from feeling lonely.So each night until she moves in with the Tanabe's she curls up beside the refrigerator in her kitchen and goes to sleep. â€Å"Why do I love everything that has to do with kitchens so much? It's strange. Perhaps because to me a kitchen represents some distant longing engraved on my soul† (Yoshimoto, pg. 56). She teaches herself to cook, the summer after her grandmother passed away, at the Tanabe's house. She buys three books and studies them, following all the directions in them.Subsequently, she becomes good at cooking and gets the job she has now as an assistant to a famous cooking teacher. Mikage is more of a rational person who knows her limits. At times, she can be emotional, but overall she thinks well on her feet and is a capable person. â€Å"However! I couldn't exist like that. Reality is wonderful. I thought of the money my grandmother had left me-just eno ugh. The place was too big, too expensive, for one person. I had to look for another apartment† (Yoshimoto, pg. 5). Mikage handles change well; she might not like some things but she gets through them.For instance, her grandmother’s death was a great tragedy, but she got through it rationally, and she adapted very well to the Tanabe's and their kindness. The author wants readers to know how tough Mikage is. She has had a rough go at life, but she still manages to stay strong; reading about her really appeals to the reader’s sympathetic side. Mikage appears to be a nice girl who has just been unlucky lately. Fortunately, when Yoichi comes into her life, she starts to open up more and realize that she is not alone. He struck just the right note, neither cold nor oppressively kind. It made me warm up to him ;†( Yoshimoto, pg. 11). Another thing about Mikage is that she is a fighter, and readers see that towards the end of the story, she fights for what she wan ts. At the beginning of this book Mikage is very guarded and lonely, but as the book progresses she becomes less guarded and more open to people who care about her. At the end of the book, Mikage becomes the one who comforts Yoichi, when his mom passes away. She becomes the center of his support system.

Book The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics

The book The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the Twenty-First Century written by Robert W. McChesney discusses the issue of media Reform. He argues that, â€Å"The Policies, structures, subsidies and institutions that are created to control direct and regulate the media will be responsible for the logic and nature of the media system whether their content is good, bad or a combination, the media therefore presents a political problem for any society, and an unavoidable one at that† (16). He contends that there are two main issues on this problem.   The first problem is the structure that creates the content of the information and the second is the structures themselves.   He believes that the way society makes it decisions on how to structure the system and how it decides to solve this needs reformation.   Debates, he believes, will direct shape and create value to the media system. McChesney writes of how media will exist in all societies.   But their structure and content is determined cultural, economic and political and this determines the amount of solutions each society has to choose from.   In different societies the controlling government decides how this is structured.   He mentions dictatorships and authoritarian regimes will create the type of media that will influence and give him more power and stopping any chance of opposition.   With a democratic society the problem exists between those with power and those with none.   In this society the power is with the media and it is this power that gives a strong support in the building of democracy making media a political tool. The problems with media being a political tool in a democracy, he states is well known.   The foundation of this is that in order to have a democratic society the citizens must be informed and the media is the tool for this.  Ã‚   It is not that the media is to create the democracy but help to make it more effective to members of that society.   The issue in the reform is all about content.   If it is balanced with views that express both sides of the road.   Giving an opposite stand to democracy, equally important for the society members to make choices on how to structure their society and even more important is how media affects economics. Media’s beginning influences were in economics and soon spread to politics.   McChesney believes that, â€Å"In the United States the starting point for grasping the problem with media is seeing where the media fits in the broader capitalistic economic system† (117).   The problem is between the role media has in the profit-making commercial structured organizations and the need for information that deals with information needed for a democracy.   â€Å"It is this tension that fuels much of the social concern around media and media policy making† (17). The author gives great attention to the meaning of problem and how it relates to what is deemed the problem of media.   I thought this to be kind of repetitious because he gives meaning to the word problem often throughout the book.   I thought that maybe he was trying to make a point at how media will take something and give it so many different meanings as he did.   He then goes on to give a history of the media to give the reader a sense of where it was coming from to see where it was going.   Giving a good historical account of the affects of broadcasting in the 1930’s that created the way our society makes media policy. He then moves into an analysis into how media became corrupt, deceitful, and missing ethical bases just within this century.   McChesney believes that the United States has not faced these problems making media a servant to those in society that are self-servant.   These are usually the ones that make any decisions in private such as the media corporations that are driven by profits, ignoring what society needs. â€Å"This system has contributed to a political crisis of the highest magnitude and unless it is confronted directly will severely limit our ability to make progress on any of the other major social and political problems that face the nation† (21).   Media should help to give the society an ability to have informed debates on issues that arise from that society. After reading the book it gave me much to think about, but really no clear solution.   Granted he did talk of reforms but in what sense?   In my opinion reform should come in the way we educate our society.   Now with new technology freedom of speech is a whole new attitude.   Everyone has something to say, whether right or wrong.   I do think there should be some kind of reform, but I’m not sure what kind of reform would be effective.   Education society more on what the meanings of context and content would be more effective than trying to define the problem in multiple ways. I really didn’t understand context or content until I went to college.   It’s pretty simple but applying it everyday wasn’t something I did until college.   Now everything I read or see on television I take with a grain of salt, until I research it a little more I don’t hold it true.   This kind of education needs to be applied in primary learning structures.   This would help greatly with structuring a well informed society. I felt the book was very informative, but difficult to read.   I believe that this would make a very good book for educational structures to use.   It awakened an issue in me that I knew was there, but really didn’t think about too much.   I believe this to be pretty true with much of society.   Just yesterday a friend had mentioned something he had heard on the radio about making young school children in Australia stop sing a Christmas song that used the phrase â€Å"Ho, Ho, Ho† because of the implications of it’s meaning, whore. At first I was shocked and angry but after thinking awhile I first thought, the content wasn’t probably reliable or it was taken totally out of context and if it had to do with a more important issue I would have researched the information to find the truth.   This is why I believe media reformation is something that needs to be addressed but the key to the solution is education. Works Cited: McChesney, Robert W.   The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twenty-First Century.   New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004.   

How does Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go fundamentally differ from Essay

How does Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go fundamentally differ from traditional retellings of Frankenstein, and how does this difference shed light on the anxiety of the contemporary moment - Essay Example However, the convenience demonstrated by the use of these items gradually evolves into dependence because human beings find it compulsory at some point in time and the world continues to evolve in information and communication technology. This discourse delves into analysing the differences between the work of Ishiguro and Frankenstein. People develop and feel a sense of major absence of information and communication technology when provided with a situation of working without gadgets. This comes into perspective closely in this paper as well. Analysis of Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro leads to an understanding that continued reliance of devices for operations makes people uneasy. People appear to be at ease with shortcuts offered by machines because it saves time while performing duties. The same people who depend on the devices are afraid of their inabilities to carry out their expected duties without the devices effectively. When the owner of a Smartphone discovers that the gadget is at home while he or she is at work, it makes him or her panic. This is because it dawns onto the owner that he is cut off from instant messages, from the internet, as well as all the digital maps. The user realizes that he or she will struggle to respond to questions, it will a tough task for him or her to find receipts, interact with people across the globe, and find it difficult to navigate highways. It means clearly that this person’s day becomes scattered with aimless intentions. The Smartphone user looses the regular connection as well as association that the small device creates. Surprisingly, the reliance of people on devices supersedes the use of other wants and needs. In other circumstances, the sense of connection claims duty for every aspect of sustaining life such as breathing and heartbeats. In Let Me Go, the view held by Haraway of the

Short answers questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short answers questions - Assignment Example This is also interpreted to mean that narrative identity is subject to personal interpretation of ethical identity and can be largely considered to be an illusionary identity of the reader. According to Thompson (65), the degree at which abortion can be considered morally permissible is constrained by factors that make it morally impermissible. Thompson (65) argues that abortion is morally permissible in circumstances such as when the necessary precautions to avoid pregnancy are taken but eventually conception occurs either way. In this case, the parents of the fetus can consider abortion as refusal to take responsibility for an outcome they are not ready to take responsibility of. On the other hand, Thompson (66) argues that since it is problematic to point at what point a fetus is considered to have a moral identity, it is rational to assume that fetuses are humans from the time of conception, thus, they have moral identities which make abortion the killing of a human. Thus, regarding the two counterarguments, abortion is both morally permissible and impermissible. By applying the Personal Identity Theory of Reductionism, which considers the psychological continuity affecting identity

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Resources - Essay Example This paper discusses the major staffing factors that contribute to poor performance by the employees and how one would assess whether the perceived dismal performance resulted from a training problem (DuBrin, 2009).   Perhaps one of the major causes of dismal employee performance is the absence of clear job descriptions that causes disorganizations especially within manufacturing industries. Marchington & Wilkinson (2006) note that when job roles are unclear, communication issues are bound to arise thus setting the stage for a myriad of performance related issues within the organization. Although unclear understanding of the obligations of the staff may lead to confusion at work, it may also cause job overlap where one job role is assigned to more than one person. This staffing problem according to DuBrin (2009) normally manifests when employees cannot fathom what their respective employers and managers expect of them in addition to being clueless about their personal limits at wor k. This is mainly because chance could be that some of the responsibilities that employees grapple with on a daily basis are not in their job description and thus could be causing them unnecessary burden that could adversely affect their performance at work. The best strategies for mitigating this problem include updating job description, training employees on teambuilding, and redesigning the job roles (Marchington & Wilkinson, 2006).   Moreover, recruitment and selection issues could lead to compromise in the quality of performance by the employees at their respective workstations. In many occasions, staffing problems begin at the time of recruitment and selection where the HR Managers could mismatch the employee and the job, or there could be job oversold for example the suggestions of nonexistent career advancement, over-qualification of the prospective workers, and the under-mention of the perceived uninteresting aspects of the job (DuBrin, 2009). This situation often leads t o job alienation on the side of the employees, which often affect their overall performance within a given industry. When employees discover some aspects about the job that they were unaware of at the time of the recruitment, they feel demoralized by the perceived dishonesty on the part of their employers. Therefore, many approach their job roles from an indifferent perspective, or they could simply harbor the intention of sending a strong message to their employers by ensuring poor performance (Marchington & Wilkinson, 2006).  However, there are strategies to deal with recruitment issues that tend to derail the performance objectives of the company. These may include the review of the procedures and processes of recruitment, and retraining the staff involved with recruitment on the job descriptions as well as updating the job specifications and descriptions. Promotion problems could lead to below par performance by employees especially in situations where the staffs receive undes erving job offers and promotions. In occasions where the company promotes its staff to a level beyond their capabilities or the staffs get earlier than usual job promotions, such

Economics Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Management - Assignment Example Fishback defines government policies as the set of rules and laws that the government puts and have a direct or indirect impact on the way people conduct business within a country. The government puts laws in place to inhibit or to encourage certain business strategies within the business market. However, it is wise to note that government policies are a double edged sword and may have either negative or positive impact on the economic development in a country. While some regulations may benefit a country, others may work against its development strategy. For instance, in the US, the government launched a deregulation procedure in the early 1990s as a strategy to open up business development.This was after the government realized that strict regulation of the business market culminated to unprofitability in the business sector. Therefore, the government should be analytical while implementing laws to ensure that they create a healthy business environment. In a dynamic business market , it has become the challenge for the government to choose the best approach to regulate business.To promote economic development within a country, the government should design laws to regulate competition within the market.Laws should ensure that the every investor has a fair chance to start the business and compete with its rivals. This helps to prevent monopolistic competition that may impact negatively on the economy of a country. Monopolistic competition results to unfair competition, which benefits only a few investors.

Case study Preadmission and admission phase Essay

Case study Preadmission and admission phase - Essay Example Firstly, pre-admission observations, procedure, and discharge plans were prepared and an informed consent obtained from the patient. As the patient was unable to read clearly, a signed consent was obtained from his son. Glimartin and Wright’s (2007) review asserts the significance of nurses in day surgery activities related to pre-admission assessment, providing information and managing anxiety; communication, pain management, wound infection, nausea and other nursing care (cited by Timmins and McCabe, 2009). Pre-assessment began with assessment of hypertension, eyes, vital signs and general fitness of the patient a week prior to surgery. As per the hospital policy, the patient was given instructions regarding admission time and fasting time on the previous day through phone call. As per doctor’s advice, the patient was asked to continue with his BP medication. At pre-admission, the eyes were tested in a dilated stage to rule out possibilities of other eye severities such as retinitis. As this procedure required small incision, anesthetist spoke to the patient regarding general anesthesia meant for the procedure considering his age and hypertension. Before that, patient’s vital signs including blood pressure and blood sugar were tested, which were found to be in the normal range. Also, a full blood count, chest X-ray and ECG were normal, and previous medical reports were thoroughly checked and verified with current findings. Considering his age, other commonly found medical problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, etc were ruled out. Every clinical procedure should be of high quality and highly effective, which should be practiced in a patient-centered way in partnership with both patient and family (Timmins & McCabe, 2009; p.40). Considering history of hypertension and the patient’s age, the entire procedure was conducted with constant monitoring of the pulse, BP,

Should Beijing really be hosting the Olympics and would you go Explain Essay

Should Beijing really be hosting the Olympics and would you go Explain - Essay Example Since their inception, the modern games have been infused with politics, boycotts, and threats of non-participation. Some people see the games as a way of promoting and legitimizing the host city. Athletes may face an ethical dilemma by participating in a country where there are severe human rights violations. Still, the Olympic idealists hold the standard of de Coubertin and insist that politics and social issues remain clear of the games. These competing opinions on the value and purpose of the games have almost never been as pronounced as they are when we discuss the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. The decision to hold the Olympics in China has been met with a series of protests that object to their history of oppression and violations of basic civil rights. While there are legitimate objections to the selection process, the ideals of sport, international cooperation, and cultural interaction makes Beijing an appropriate choice for the 2008 Olympics. The importance of the Olympics and the selection of the host city should not be underestimated. It offers economic advantage to the city in the way of tourism as well as an opportunity to exhibit the city’s and the host country’s best face. The enormous worldwide interest in the games can be seen by the escalating broadcast revenues and the attendant increase in viewership in recent years (see Appendix A). This also opens up the door to give a country an opportunity to present a faà §ade while they ignore the reality that lies just beyond the borders of the games. Will the world see the sweatshops and hardships that lay beyond the broadcasts, or will they only be shown the glossy face of the â€Å"New China† (See Appendix B)? Determining where fact meets propaganda is one of the challenges faced by the IOC, the media, and the viewing public. The biggest objection to Beijing hosting the Olympics is their dismal record on human rights. There has been evidence

I want a....( something) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I want a....( something) - Essay Example Your dog will never go out with other dogs (or what is worse, women) unless you ask your dog about this. However, even if you ask your dog to spend a little while with somebody else, it will probably prefer to refuse. Your dog is devoted to you with all its doggy soul – nobody else in the world would be as loved as you. Your dog will never leave you at home even if his buddies are waiting for him. You are your dog’s best buddy, so what is the sense? Your dog will never tell that it wants to go fishing without you. Your dog will never be late from work and it will never drink too much alcohol. It will not spend a part of your family budget for a new car detail. You dog will love you despite the way you look. Can you imagine the reaction of your boyfriend who sees your smeared-out make-up and messy hair when you wake up? It is of no importance for your dog. Your dog will never panic if you forget to shave your legs. Your hairdo, make-up, and outfit are not important too. You do not need to spend hours in front of your mirror in order to delight the eye of your dog. Even more, a few extra kilos will not frighten your dog. It does not matter at all. This lovely creature may appreciate your inner world. It doesnt happen very often that you find someone so sensitive and emphasizing. Besides, your dog may help you keep fit. You both will enjoy going for a walk twice a day. A breath of fresh air will always keep cheerful and healthy. Finally, if after all you decide you need to find a boyfriend, your dog may be helpful. Statistics shows that men may use your dog as a reason to get acquainted with you. A man who has a dog may turn to be a worthy, adequate candidate. It is better to escape men who do not like dogs or at least cats. It is hardly possible to find any disadvantages of dogs. Many people say that dogs are better than people. It may be true. Nowadays it is hardly possible to find

Atomic Energy Exercises Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Atomic Energy Exercises - Assignment Example An approximation of the distance of separation for curve 2 appears to be bigger than that of curve 1 thus accounting for the smaller energy than that of curve 1. The maximum amount of force that is needed to push the particles together is greater in curve 1 than in curve 2. This is because the vector force that pulls particles towards each other is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance and directly proportional to the products of the two charges. Case 2 There is immense proton repulsion between the protons within the nucleus because of the Coulomb’s law electrostatic interactions. In this regard, the force that is exerted by the center protons towards the outer protons is inversely proportion to the proton’s square of the separation distance. The separation distance squared comes about because the force field of an isolated proton charge is uniform towards all directions and becomes diluted with the separation distance just like the area of the centered sphere of the point charge which increases as its radius increases. Case 3 For the incoming protons, their potential energy is smaller compared to when they reach the bottom pit in the center. From Coulomb’s law (f=kq1q2/r2), potential energy is the product of force and distance which is given by PE= kq1q2/r. This means that as the protons move from outside they are far apart from each other hence remarkably little potential energy. When protons are in the center, the particles are close to each other leading to a small separation distance thus a greater potential energy compared to that of incoming protons. Case 4 Binding energy is the mechanically required energy to disassemble an atom into nucleus and free electrons (Jones International University, 2011). Helium has a lower binding energy compared to beryllium and iron. This is because helium has an atomic mass of 2, beryllium has an atomic mass of 4, whereas iron has an atomic mass of 26. In this case, iron has the greatest binding energy because of its atomic mass that is larger than that of beryllium and helium. This is so because, from the periodic table (of elements), the elements with greater atomic mass have increasing binding energy than those with a small atomic mass up to elements that are heavier than xenon which do not obey this trend. This is due to the increasing nucleon force in the nucleus as an extra nucleon gets attracted to other nucleons making the nucleus to be tightly bound. On the other hand, the amount of energy needed to pull the nuclei together for a tight bound is less for in an iron atom than the beryllium and helium atom. This is due to the fact that iron atom has a larger atomic mass than the helium and beryllium atoms. The larger the atomic mass, the more the energy levels of an atom and the less the energy needed to push the nucleus together for a tight bound. Case 5 Uranium 238 has 92 protons and 146 neutrons. Its binding energy can be given by: a - b /A1/3 - cZ2/A4/3- d (N-Z) 2 /A2 Â ± e/A7/4. Where a = 14.0, b = 13.0, c = 0.585, d= 19.3, and e = 33. A is the number of nucleons, Z is the number of protons in the nucleus, and N is the number of neutrons in the nucleus. B.E/A = 14-13/238^1/3- 0.585x92^2/238^4/3 – 19.3 (146-92) ^2/238^2Â ± 33/238^7/4 = 0.1614-3.357-0.9936 Â ±0.002288 =-4.1892

Understand the role of the social care worker Essay Example for Free

Understand the role of the social care worker Essay A working relationship is professional based. It is made around a companies contracts, policies and procedures. A person would have a working relationship with their managers, colleagues, other health professionals and their patients. Within a nursing home a social workers working relationship with a patient is one based on care and support. It is to help somebody with their everyday living and where it is best for them to be. There are different boundaries in a working relationship both parties must be strictly professional at all times. A social worker should not exchange their personal information with a patient and they must follow all the companies policies and procedures. A personal relationship is more emotional and intimately based. A personal relationship is what a person has with their family and their friends. It is formed through the choice of two people, it is made through shared interests and likes. A person is free to express how they feel about another individual and voice their opinions in a personal relationship. In a personal relationship both people are involved in deciding whether they want that relationship or not. In health and social care settings there are many different working relationships. When approaching a doctor or other medical professional the relationship will always be professional and formal because it is concerning the patients well being and all information needs to be passed on correctly. A relationship with a patient and their family may be more informal if a social worker has worked with them closely for a long time, although a relationship with them should always stay professional. If they are working with and seeing somebody on a daily basis both parties do develop a closer relationship. The relationship between a person with their colleagues and their manager would also be different, even though both relationships must stay professional somebody would address their manager different to how they would a colleague. All relationships are different but in the workplace they  should always remain professional. Understand the important of working in ways that are agreed with the employer. It is important to adhere to the agreed scope of the given job role because it enables the worker to know their roles and responsibilities. It sets out boundaries for the worker for their own job role. Without knowing their job role they may do things they are not trained to do or other workers may take advantage and get them to do jobs they are not meant to be doing. By knowing the correct job role a worker can improve their skills so they better themselves at that job. It means they will be working towards becoming a better carer, if they know what they are meant to be achieving. Agreed ways of working is to work to the set rules given by your employer or by law. These are usually in the form of policies and procedures, when starting work every employer should read their companies polices and procedures. They are also usually on staff notice boards as well. Staff members can have access to the policies and procedures when ever needed. It is important to have up-to-date details of agreed ways of working because the law may have changed so the policies and procedures would need to be updated to fit in with these. The laws would change to protect vulnerable people or if something has gone wrong. They must be followed so that everyone works to the same guidelines rather than how they want to because if they done that everything would become chaotic. The may also be breaking the law if they are not following the policies and procedures. Understand the importance of working in partnership with others. It important for a social worker to work in partnership with others these include carers, family, friends, doctors, physiotherapists etc. because then specific problems can be addressed such as mobility problems with the physiotherapists, illnesses with the doctors. Without working together a solution would not be made as quickly and easily as possible for the patient. If they are unable to make decision for themselves all those involved in the patients care should help to decide on the best thing for  them, this could be where they should live or what is the best form of medication. They are different ways of working to help improve working in a partnership such as recording all information so that it is easy to access for all the parties involved. The information should be clear and very informative, it needs to be accurate about the patient. All the partnerships should regularly meet or communicate so that everyone involved is up-to-date and all the necessary information is being shared. When resolving conflicts a social worker should always remain calm, level headed and unbiased. If a conflict does arise the social worker needs to show understanding and empathy to both parties and show that they are listening. They should not let their personal opinions or judgements affect what they do or say. To try and diffuse any situation the social worker should give both sides a chance to express their feelings and opinions. If the conflict can not be resolved on that day then a time should be set to resolve it, people may be calmer the second time. If a social worker is finding it hard to resolve a conflict after trying all the solutions they can think of they should ask for help. This could be from a colleague, they may have been in a similar situation before so have very valuable experience. A supervisor or line manager they would be able to give professional advice and again may have experienced this before so would have valuable advice, they would also be more experienced in having to make confident decisions. Agencies such as CQC, social services and support agencies would always be able to either give useful numbers and websites to use or give advice to help solve the situation.

Cheesy Wheezy Essay Example for Free

Cheesy Wheezy Essay Starting as a small retail store in New Glarus, Wisconsin, the Cheezy Wheezy firm had slowly grown into a chain of nine retail shops located in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois. In recent years, nearly all its competitors had begun issuing catalogs, widely distributed in late October, advertising gift packages of cheeses, jams, jellies, and other fancy food items. Henry Wilson, son of the firm’s founder, had convinced his father that Cheezy Wheezy should also issue a catalog. It was then March, and the last snows were melting. Henry Wilson had called his third staff meeting in as many weeks to discuss the catalog project. Present were Henry (whose title was vice president); Susan Moore, the sales manager; Jeff Bell, the inventory manager; and Robert Walker, the traffic manager. Also present was Robert Caldwell, from a Milwaukee-based ad agency that was handling many aspects of the catalog project. Moore and Caldwell had just finished describing the catalog’s tentative design and the allocation of catalog pages to various product lines. Caldwell then said, â€Å"We are to the point where we must design the order form, which will be stapled inside the center pages. It will be a single 8 1/2-by-11-inch sheet. The customer will remove it from the catalog, complete it, fold it into the envelope shape, lick the gummed lines, and mail it in. The order form will be on one side of the sheet. On the other will be the instructions for folding and Cheezy Wheezy’s mailing address in New Glarus; the remainder of the space will be ads for some impulse items. Right now we’re thinking of a Santa Claus–shaped figure molded out of cheese. â€Å"Enough of that,† said Wilson, â€Å"this group isn’t here to discuss Santa dolls. We’re here to design the order form. We may also have to talk a little about selling terms. Susan? † Responding to her cue, Moore said, â€Å"Our biggest problem is how to handle the transportation and shipping costs. We’ve studied all our competitors’ catalogs. Some absorb the costs into the product’s price, some charge by weight of the order, some charge by money value of order, and some ship COD. † â€Å"How important are shipping costs, Susan? † asked Bell. â€Å"Plenty,† was her response. They run $2 to $3 for a 1- or 2-pound package. If you take a pound of cheese that we sell in our retail stores for $2, here are our costs if it goes by catalog: cost of goods, $1; order management, 50 cents; overhead, including inventory carrying costs, 50 cents; packaging for shipment, 50 cents; and transportation costs to any point in the United States ranging between $1. 75 and $3. 20. If, however, we’re dealing with bigger shipments, the relative costs vary. †  "I’m not following you,† said Wilson. â€Å"It’s like this,† responded Moore. The wholesale cost of cheese to us is the same per pound, no matter how much is sold. Order-processing costs are approximately the same for each order we’ll be receiving by mail. Overhead and inventory carrying costs are always present but may be allocated in a variety of ways. Packaging costs are also about the same per order. They go up only a few cents as we move to larger cartons. Transportation costs are hard to describe because of their tapers. Right now our whole catalog project is bogged down with the problem of transportation cost tapers. † â€Å"Tapers? † said Wilson, turning to Walker. You’ve never told me about tapers before. It sounds like some kind of animal. † â€Å"That’s tapir, t-a-p-i-r,† said Walker. â€Å"We’re talking about tapers, t-a-p-e-r-s. † â€Å"Oh,† said Wilson. â€Å"What are they? † â€Å"When one ships small packages of cheese,† said Walker, â€Å"rates are based on two factors, the weight being shipped and the distance. As weight or distance increases or both—the rates go up but not as quickly. This is called the tapering principle. To ship 2 pounds of cheese from New Glarus to St. Louis costs $2. 40; 3 pounds cost $3. 30; 5 pounds cost $4. 60; and so on. One hundred pounds—no, 50 pounds is a better example because some of the parcel services we’ll be using won’t take 100 pounds—50 pounds would cost $21. There’s also a distance taper. The 2-pound shipment that costs $2. 40 to St. Louis is $3. 40 to Denver and $4. 15 to Los Angeles. † â€Å"Can’t we use the average transportation costs? † asked Bell. â€Å"That’s what we do with inventory carrying costs. † â€Å"Won’t work,† said Caldwell. â€Å"You’ll be overpriced for small, short-distance shipments and will lose sales. For heavy long shipments, you’ll be underpriced and will make so many sales that you might soon go belly up. Wilson shuddered and inquired, â€Å"Does that mean we charge by weight and by distance? † Moore answered, â€Å"It’s not that easy. In the cheese business, people buy by the pound, but shipping weights—which include packaging—are actua lly more. A customer who orders 3 pounds of cheese is in fact receiving 3 pounds of cheese plus 6 ounces of packaging materials. I wish we could sell a pound of cheese that consisted of 14 ounces of cheese and 2 ounces of packing material, but that would be illegal at worst, and of questionable ethics, at best. † â€Å"We have the same problems with distance,† added Walker. We’re trying to sell in 50 states, but who knows how far they are from New Glarus? We could have tables and maps in the catalog, but they take up valuable selling space. Also, if it looks too complex, we may just turn off some potential customers before they complete their orders. † â€Å"Some of our clients have another problem,† added Caldwell, â€Å"and that is split orders. The customer will want 10 pounds of cheese, but it will be five 2-pound packages sent to five different locations. That has an impact on both packaging and transportation costs. † â€Å"So, what do we do? â₠¬  asked Wilson.

Relationship Between Neoliberalism and Neorealism

Relationship Between Neoliberalism and Neorealism NEO-LIBERALISM, NEO-REALISM   THE ‘NEO-NEO SYNTHESIS’ Do you agree that neo-realism and neo-liberalism have come so close together so as to form a ‘neo-neo synthesis’? Or is the long-standing confrontation between the two very much alive today? ‘This positivist-realist legacy has, despite slight differences and  dichotomies, persisted in later positivist scholars of international  relations: Robert Gilpin, Stephan Krasner, and Robert Kohane. Whereas  they have a number of differences to debate, namely anarchy, regime,  state cooperation etc., they belong to the Neo-realist research  programme which as been called the ‘‘neo-neo synthesis’’. Despite the  substantive debate between neo-realists and neo-liberal institutionalists,  Neo-institutionalism does not actually challenge but complements neorealism . . . This indicates that neo-realism and neo-liberalism are no  longer incommensurable: they commonly share the rationalist research  programme.’ (Toru Oga, 2000: p.3) This quotation is given at such length because it succinctly and excellently gives the theoretical foundation for the notion of a ‘neo-neo synthesis’, and for the merger and integration of neo-realism and neo-liberalism. For a long part of the twentieth century realism and liberalism, and later neo-realism and neo-liberalism, were bitterly opposed to each other at both theoretical and practical levels: the former espoused a economic and political ideology that viewed the ideal international community as one possessed of lassiz-faire economic policies, of free markets and limited government intervention; the later proposed, to the contrary, that the international community should be a restraint upon nation states, limiting and controlling their political and economic activities, and making them behave according to mutually agreed criteria (Booth, 1995). Considering the antithetical nature of these two positions, it long seemed to supporters of both camps that a synthesis of their positions would be both heretical and impossible. Nonetheless, in the mid 1980’s a convergence of the two schools did indeed begin to emerge as it became clear that their differences were not as great as they has formerly assumed, and as other schools of a more radical nature began to attack neo-liberalism and neo-realism alike (Kratochwil, 2000). As Oga suggests above, the two schools came to see that they were both working according to the ‘rationalist research programme’ and that this joint philosophy might bear better fruit if they co-ordinated their work. This essay however proceeds to argue, using the twin criticisms of John Ruggie’s and Alexander Wendt’s constructivism and Richard Ashley’ and David Campbell’s deconstructivism, that the neo-neo synthesis is but a verbal mirage, a rhetorical convergence of ideas that is not a political reality and whose theoretical foundation is both illogical and unhistorical. It will th erefore be shown that neo-realism’s and neo-liberalism’s long-standing confrontation is as alive today as it has been at any time in its history. ‘Social constructivism’ first emerged as a challenge to the validity of the neo-neo synthesis of neo-realism and neo-liberalism in the work of John Ruggie (1986) and Alexander Wendt (1989). The principal objection raised by these scholars to the neo-neo-neo synthesis was that it failed to sufficiently account for or explain the roles and functions of national interests and national and corporate identities in the domain of international politics. In the words of Oda ‘Firstly, the neo-neo synthesis is unable to explain how territorial states formed particular identities and interests. Secondly, it fails to explain how state identity and state interest are co-instituted. Finally, there increasingly emerges the normative factor in international relations, such as humanitarian intervention, which the synthesis totally ignores’ (Oda, 2000: p.5). The neo-neo synthesis is therefore criticised on three counts: one, it pays too little attention to how national and te rritorial identities are formed, and therefore does not have sufficient knowledge of these identities when needing to make informed decisions on international political and economic policy; secondly, this being a related point, the neo-neo synthesis does not make clear the relationship between how state identities are formed and therefore how states will behave internationally in the protection of their interests; and, thirdly, the neo-neo synthesis in entirely impotent when asked to make decisions regarding one of the most significant developments in recent international politics: the emergence of humanitarianism. Thus Ruggie came to define the opposite to the neo-neo synthesis, i.e., constructivism, with the following statement ‘Social constructivists have sought to understand the full array of roles that ideas play in world politics, rather than specifying a priori roles based on theoretical presuppositions and then testing for those specified roles, as Neo-Utilitarians doà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Ruggie 1998: p. 867). If this constructivist position is accurate, Ruggie argued, then the neo-neo synthesis cannot also be accurate. ‘On the one hand, the sign of ‘sovereignty’ betokens a rational identity: a  homogeneous and continuous presence that is hierarchically ordered, that has a  unique centre of decision presenting over a coherent ‘self’, and that is  demarcated from, and in opposition to, an external domain of difference and  change that resists assimilation to its identical being. On the other hand, the  sign of ‘anarchy’ betokens this residual external domain: an aleatory domain  characterised by difference and discontinuity, contingency and ambiguity, that  can be known only for its lack of the coherent truth and meaning expressed by  a sovereign presence’ (Ashley, 1988: p. 230) A further attack upon the solidity of the neo-neo synthesis has been launched by the deconstructivism school founded by Richard Ashley (1988) and David Campbell (1998) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ the criticisms of both centring upon failure of the neo-neo synthesis to properly explain the anarchical nature of the international political domain. According to the rationalistic model of the neo-neo synthesis the international economic and political community must be ordered according to absolutely certain and definite economic and political principles that are open to scientific research and investigation. Likewise, it is a belief of the neo-neo synthesis that economists and politicians are able to make predictions about the nature of the international environment by using these scientifically determined laws of economics and politics; the above model cannot allow for capricious economic and political events whose causes lie outside of scientific prediction (Lapid, 1989). Deconstructivism on the other hand, as Ashley shows in the quotation above, argues that the order bestowed upon a nation by its ‘sovereignty’ is not present in the international arena where a lack of sovereignty produces events that defy economic and political laws derived from the economic and political conditions in sovereign states (Ashley, 1988). In different words: the international arena and the sovereign domestic arena are markedly different and behave differently according to different sets of laws. Thus Ashley came to speak of the international arena as place of ‘anarchy problematique’ (Ashley, 1988: p.201): a notion considerably developed by the other founder of deconstructivism, David Campbell. In Writing Security (1988) Campbell considers the domestic and foreign policies of the United States as an example of the dichotomy between sovereign domestic behaviour and anarchical international behaviour. At the domestic level, successive American governments, be they republ ican or democratic, produce prudent and conservative policies designed to operate within a narrow ideological range; such policies are designed to appeal to an average American mind-set that is fond of such conservative policies. American foreign policy however manifests itself in much more radical forms, most recently witnessed in the invasion of Iraq, including many policies that violate the political, moral and economic ideologies expected at home. In Iraq, for instance, American policy is forced to respond to anarchical conditions that require very different policies and practices from those employed the homeland of America; these normal freedoms and rights are suspended because of the changed anarchical conditions over which America presides in Iraq. The explanation for this policy and ideological dichotomy rests upon a difference of identity: American citizens identify themselves at home, due to long tradition and experience of certain rights and freedoms, as possessing these absolutely and do not permit their governments to make major deviations from these; in the international arena however the identity of those making policy is not so strongly tied to cultural or individual identity but is rather an abstract spectre that can as such justifies more anarchical policies. Thus Campbell famously stated that ‘Identity can be understood as the outcome of exclusionary practices in which resistant elements to a secure identity on the ‘‘inside’’ are linked through a discourse of ‘‘danger’’ with threats identified and located on the outside. Foreign policy, being those practices of differentiation implicated in all confrontations between a self and other, embraces both positive and negative valences’ (Campbell, 1998: p.73.). The neo-neo synthesis, according to Ashley, Campbell and others of the deconstructionist school cannot properly exist in the form it pretends to because it does not take suffic ient account of the anarchical element in international politics. In the final analysis, it can be stated with some assurance that the ‘neo-neo synthesis’ is a desperate verbal illusion created by neo-liberals and neo-realists alike when jointly threatened by the strength of the constructivism / deconstructivism critique. The eminent political scientist Francis Fukuyama predicted in his famous National Interest article of 1989 entitled The End of History that differences of economic and political ideologies would soon be a thing of the past as the world, driven by forces of globalization, came together behind the consensus that liberal democracy and capitalism represented the end point of human history and would soon create a homogenous political order (Fukuyama, 1989). Deeply influenced and threatened by the persuasiveness of such ideas, and so by the notion that their own ideological differences might become superfluous; scholars of both schools created the ‘neo-neo synthesis’ as a self-defence mechanism. This mechanism has subsequently been revealed as both illogical and irrational by the criticisms levelled against it by the constructivism and deconstructivism schools. The pretence of ideological unity is falsified by the practical manifestations of both theories, which diverge radically and which show that the long-standing confrontation between the two positions is as alive today as at any other time before. BIBLIOGRAPHY Academic Books, Journals Articles Ashley, R. (1986 [1984]) ‘The Poverty of Neorealism’ in Keohane, R. O. (edt.) Neorealism and its Critics (New York: Columbia U.P.) Booth, K. (1995) ‘Dare not to know: International Relations Theory versus the Future’ in Booth, K. and Smith, S. (edt.) International Relations Theory Today (Oxford: Polity Press). Campbell, D. (1998). Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester U.P., Revised Edition) Cox, R. (1987) Production, Power, and World Order: Social Forces in the making of History (NY: Columbia U.P.) (1999) ‘Civil Society at the Turn of the Millennium: Prospects for an Alternative World Order’ in Review of International Studies Vol. 25 Fukuyama, F. (1989). National Interest article ‘The End of History’. George, J. (1993) ‘Of Incarceration and Closure: Neo-realism and New/Old World order’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies 22 (2). Kratochwil, F. (2000) ‘Constructing a New Orthodoxy? Wendt’s ‘Social Theory of International Politics’ and the Constructivist Challenge’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies 29 (1) Laclau, E. and Mouffe, C. (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards A Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso) Lapid, Y. (1989) ‘The Third Debate: on the prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era’ International Studies Quarterly Vol. 33. Oga, T. (2000). From Constructivism to Deconstructivism: Theorising the Construction and Culmination of Identities. PhD Thesis. Department of Government. University of Essex. Ruggie, J. G. (1986) ‘Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis’ in Keohane, R. O. (edt.) Neorealism and its Critics (New York: Columbia U.P.) Waltz, K. (1979) Theory of International Politics (New York: Random House) Wendt, A. and Duval, R. (1989) ‘Institutions and International Order’ in Czempiel, E. O. and Rosenau, J. N. (edt.) Global Changes and Theoretical Challenges: Approaches to World Politics for the 1990s (Massachusetts: Lexington Books)

Gates’ and Wilson’s Theories on African Diaspora Musics Essays -- Musi

Gates’ and Wilson’s Theories on African Diaspora Musics Some scholars theorize that the Middle Passage to the Americas was so traumatic that most African influence was eradicated, and that few traces of Africa exist in African-American music. This â€Å"cultural tabulala [sic] rasa† theory is rightfully rejected by many scholars (Wilson 3). The inflow of African people to the New World was brought on by the existence of slavery, and resulted in the creation of a sort of extension of the African continent in a different hemisphere. In his article â€Å"The Significance of the Relationship Between [sic] Afro-American Music and West African Music,† music scholar Olly Wilson refutes the tabula rasa theory, and provides extensive examples of the ties that continue to exist between the two distant geographical regions. Another prominent scholar who recognizes the integration of African elements in American musics is Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Though his much deeper and more analytical approach to African musics is divergent from Wils on’s, both scholars acknowledge African diaspora musics and examine them in different ways based on different criteria. Cuba is considered one of the places where African music has been most fully preserved. Within this island nation there exist many secular and religious genres of Afro-Cuban music. These genres are associated with the spread of palo monte and santeria—two of the many neo-African syncretic religions in the New World (Den Tandt and Young 251). The idea of syncretism—a mixing of the beliefs or practices of different groups—is very popular in many aspects of analysis of the New World’s Africanization. With respect to religion, the term refers especially to the combining of characteristics of native... ...racteristics of and approaches to African and African-American music. Gates advocates a deep examination of the music—a literary-style analysis exploring layers of meaning within music, intertextualities, and modes of expression. Works Cited Den Tandt, Catherine and Richard A. Young. â€Å"Tradition and transformation in Latin American music.† The Cambridge Companion to Modern Latin American Culture. Ed. John King. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. â€Å"The Signifying Monkey. A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism.† New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Rodriguez, Omar. â€Å"Emancipation: the Caribbean Experience—Afro-Cuban Religion and Syncretism with the Catholic Religion.† Wilson, Olly. â€Å"On the Significance of the Relationship between African and Afro-American Music.† The Black Perspective in Music 2 (1974), 3-22.

Searching For Meaning in Virginia Woolfs Between the Acts Essays

Searching For Meaning in Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts I wanted to examine the states at the limits of language; The moments where language breaks up...I wanted to examine the language which manifests these states of instability because in ordinary communication--which is organized, civilized--we repress these states of incandescence. Creativity as well as suffering comprises these moments of instability, where language, or the signs of language, or subjectivity itself are put into "process". (Julia Kristeva) Any attempt to study the complex layers of the human endeavor of "meaning-making" should include an examination of those places where the spoken word (or articulation itself) "breaks up" or fails. Woolf's Between the Acts is itself a study of the struggle of relying on language to act as the sole currency of significance in a world which refuses to be contained. The novel does in fact put language, the signs of language, and subjectivity into "process". Consequently, "meaning" becomes complicated as it often falls outside, (but not entirely), of ordinary discourse and speech. "Meaning" wedges itself in between words; it is found in the silences between two characters, in the interruption of a speech by wind, in the social taboos which make the unsayable so much louder than the said. " kind of meta-discourse emerges in Between the Acts, one which pushes the conventional foreground (i.e. the characters themselves and their conversations) of a novel into the background. This inversion p laces humans in a broad dialogue that the characters themselves, (and even we the readers), may fail to recognize as a dialogue because it does fall outside of normative, controlled language. It is in this larger context of silences an... ...ess process. In the traditional narrative of resolution, there is a sense of problem solving...a kind of ratiocinative or emotional teleology... "What will happen" is the basic question. In the modern plot of revelation, however, the emphasis is elsewhere, the function of the discourse is not to answer the question or even to pose it...It is not that events are resolved (happily or tragically) but rather that a state of affairs is revealed. (Seymour Chatman) Works Cited Julia Kristeva, 'A Question of Subjectivity--An Interview',Women's Review, no. 12 (1986), pp. 19-21 Ferdinand de Saussure,From Course in General Linguistics, Modern Literary Theory ,Third Ed. (1996),Ed. Rice and Waugh, pp. 8-15 Jacques Derrida, 'Structure, Sign and PLay in the Discourse of the Human Sciences', Modern Literary Theory ,Third Ed. (1996),Ed. Rice and Waugh, pp.176-190

Why I Have Chosen the Teaching Profession Essay -- essays papers

Why I Have Chosen the Teaching Profession When I think of becoming a teacher I would like to imagine or hope that I would be â€Å"turning the key† for a student of mine to become something great. I have been soul searching for many years now to have a better understanding of what I am suppose to do in my life. I have worked in so many jobs in so many areas but nothing was fulfilling my life with any amount of meaning. I found myself not wanting to go back the next day or wishing I were somewhere else. Well I guess everyone does that is what I would tell myself. Until a couple years ago when I was working and living in Las Vegas. It was there that I finally realized what I had been searching for in my life. I was spending a lot of time with a co-worker who had children in the school system. I vividly remember hearing her children say â€Å"the teacher’s don’t care.† This was shocking for a child who was in the fourth grade to be saying to me. I guess because I had a great experience in school with wonderful caring teachers. My memories of school are a little blurred with age but I do remember looking up to them as role models. Especially, my eighth grade English teacher who was the first person who ever told me that I was a beautiful writer. She encouraged me to continue to learn as much as I could about becoming a good writer. I still see her from time to time and she asks if I am still writing. I always say yes, but the last time I saw her, I got the chance to te...

Patroklos is not very important to the Iliada Essay

Patroklos is introduced as the companion of Achilleus – the great warrior – which automatically makes him significant to the poem as a whole. His relationship with Achilleus is first shown in book 9 where Patroklos obeys everything Achilleus asks him to do and is names as ‘his companion Patroklos’. This shows they have a good relationship which is important as it shows the audience another side of Achilleus, one where he is loving and caring and human enough to crave the company of a close friend. However the menial tasks Patroklos is first asked to perform could have been undertaken by any common slave and therefore in this scene he does not come across as particularly important to the poem. This close relationship is emphasized a number of times throughout the poem, in particular when Achilleus ‘gave a silent signal to Patroklos with his eyebrows’ which would indicate that their relationship is such that Patroklos understands what Achilleus wants him to do through facial expression alone. Moreover, in book 11, Patroklos is referred to as the ‘pleasure of my heart’ by Achilleus, suggesting that their relationship is deeper than just friends. Patroklos’s role in Achilleus’s life is explained in part by Nestor who speaks of the advice given to Patroklos by his father ‘by birth Achilleus is superior to you, but you are the older. He is far stronger than you, but your proper task is to give him words of wisdom and advise him and guide him – and he will listen to you for the best. ’ This indicates that Patroklos has throughout his life influenced Achilleus and continues to do so, meaning he is crucial in understanding Achilleus’s character. Nearing the end of book 11, Patroklos cuts an arrow from Eurypylos thigh and stops the bleeding which shows he is compassionate and endears him to the audience which may be a device employed by Homer to emphasize the sadness of Patroklos’s death later in the poem. This scene is also used to show the brutal effects of war due to its gory nature. After book 16 Patroklos comes to the forefront of the poem. Achilleus instructs him to don his armour and push the battle from their ships. Achilleus once again shows his feelings for Patroklos as he prays to Zeus that he will come back safely. Zeus does not grant this, foretelling Patroklos’s death. During this book, Patroklos has his aristeia which adds excitement and impact to the poem. Patroklos’s fighting lasts for many pages and is a significant part of the poem, showing his importance overall. Patroklos’s fight with Sarpedon is important as Zeus becomes upset over the death of his son and although he allows the Achaians to take his armour, he ensures the body is well looked after – showing a loving side of Zeus that is not often seen during the poem. Without Patroklos this scene would not have been able to take place. Patroklos’s death is told over many lines and begins with Euphorbus stabbing him in the back as he is too scared to face him in battle. This shows once again how brave and important Patroklos is. The passage describing Hektor killing Patroklos is very descriptive and includes mockery from Hektor and Patroklos’s final speech. This once more makes the audience feel for Patroklos as he is cruelly mocked in the last moments of his life. The next book is entirely dedicated to the fight over Patroklos’s body which indicates that he was important and a large part of the poem. There are also many men willing to defend Patroklos which shows he was well loved ‘I would gladly stand by Patroklos and defend him, since his death has touched right to my heart’. At the beginning of book 18 Achilleus learns of the death of Patroklos ‘and the black cloud of sorrow enveloped Achilleus†¦he lay there with his whole body sprawling in the dust, huge and hugely fallen, tearing at his hair and defiling it with his own hands’, this passage shows how much Achilleus cared for his friend, he is so overwhelmed with sorrow that he is unable to speak. Even the serving women ‘shrieked loud in their hearts’ grief’, enabling the audience to understand that he was loved by all, emphasizing the pain of his death. Furthermore, Patroklos’s death makes Achilleus feel guilty ‘let me die directly, since I was not able to help my friend at his killing’ and spurs him to fight once more. The sensitive side of Achilleus is bought out again during this ‘his warm tears falling when he saw his trusted friend lying there’. Patroklos’s death is the catalyst needed to make Achilleus rekindle his fighting spirit ‘but now Patroklos†¦I shall not give you burial until I have bought here†¦the head of Hektor. ’ Which shows that without Patroklos Achilleus would not have fought again, meaning he is catalytic in this part of the Iliad. Finally it is made clear that Patroklos was instrumental in Achilleus’s attachment to Briseis. ‘You were always gentle. ’ Briseis explains that Patroklos was the one who arranged for her to marry Achilleus, and since this all began because Briseis was taken away this shows that without Patroklos’s intervention Achilleus would not have been so angry in the first place and would not have refused to fight, making the Iliad into a very different story. Therefore, Patroklos was key in shaping the poem into the story it became.

Our Time Essay

In bloody shame Louise Pratts essay, liberal arts of the touching Z iodin, we argon introduced to the idea of direct to z aces, autoethnography, and new ship direction of looking at common ideas. I wanted to match more or less examples of what she was real talking ab by. afterwards version John Edgar Widemans Our fourth dimension we preserve date that Pratts ideas and legal injury atomic number 18 completed because they sack be applied to this reading as tumesce as former(a)s. Our Time is an autoethnography because it uses diffeerent points of examine, non plainly oneself, to give information ab come forth individuals upbringing and cultural take onth. In Pratts essay, she often referred to the term autoethnography.These break through with(predicate) from contact zones. Autoethnographies ar used as a method to oppose the vistas of oneself that e genuinelyone else cyphers. For example, if on that point atomic number 18 familiarity in your similarity tha t have a label on your home and family, you might go coverrest and tell them how your spirit actually is. Mary Louise Pratt goes on to tell us that a contact zone is a transmit where peck from diverse flori civilisations and communities come together. Here, these diverse people share ideas and interact with separately other. It is almost a type of hybridization. doubled elaborations or societies come together, and mash. They can wed together, or exchange rough values, or be overrun by one another. Within these contact zones, people are able to incur the modal value others see them and interpret them. From on that point, they would be able to see themselves through different eyeball, and from a different perspective. In relation, autoethnographic textual matters are texts in which people undertake to describe themselves in ways that engage with federal agencys others have made of them (Pratt 487). They are not texts indite toBolduc 2 rationalize how the writer sees themselves, only when how they are seen by others. This is to maximize the credibility, and that there isnt as comfortably as much bias. Writers put together these texts from others understandings and judgmentpoints of them, as good as interpretation of others. Similarly, Pratt to a fault refers to the term transculturation frequently in her essay. The comment of transculturation is when values or ways of life and dresss from the ascendent culture are passed dash off to smaller subordinate cultures. From there, those cultures choose what materials they would corresponding to use as whole both(prenominal) as trying topersuade the ascendent culture to use some of their ideas.In Pratts essay, she uses Guaman Pomas New Chronicle to approve up her claims. She refers to the reading as an autoethnographic text. This text involves a selective collaboration with annexation of idioms of the metropolis or the conqueror (Pratt 488). In the New Chronicle, Pomas yarn is written in two vocabularys, Spanish and Quechua which is an Incan language. Spanish is consumeed the preponderant language, or culture, whereas the Incan language is considered to be the subordinate language and culture. Poma writes his recital from the Incan point of earn where he attempts to rewrite hi yarn through their eyes rather than the Spanish. Transculturation is equal because he uses the main ideas from the ascendent culture, such as Adam and Eve, and then(prenominal) in offer incorporates the Incan culture while thrust some of their ideas back on the dominant culture. This is where you see two cultures interact, and form really different cultures from their original state, but more(prenominal) similar to each other. On the resembling note, Poma writes the story base on representation others have made of them, and by incorporating both cultures, the story can be considered an autoethnographic text. Similarly, Widemans text can also be considered an autoethnographic text .We see both of these terms represented in Widemans Our Time, as intimately as the ideas from Pomas story. Wideman does a vast job of incorporating different idioms to representBolduc 3himself, as well as his crony Robby, in install to winder an accurate picture of the confederation and culture in which they are each a spark of. For example, in the preface, the terms ghetto and gangster are used to describe their black fraternity of Homewood which can be referred to as original idioms. Indigenous idioms are the common way of speaking inside ones own community. A quick example of this would be how some stated refer to soda as soda, or pop, or coke, while they are all referring to the same thing. In the text, the community of Homewood is considered to be the subordinate culture. This culture stems from the dominant culture of Pittsburgh turn uping how the story can be considered an autoethnographic text. This is because Wideman is using the autoethnography to sort of shake back against the typical Pittsburghculture, and award people how it actually is. John and Robbys family move from the dominant culture to Homewood. With them they brought ideas from both communities together creating a contact zone. Due to them ripening up in a ovalbumin community, Robby became intrigued with the black community from a rattling young age. This is because he grew up ring by whites who would never tell him closely it. As he says in the text, I decided Id get wind pop out what it was all about.Didnt electric charge if it killed me, I was going to find out (Wideman 678). This helps us see wherefore Robby immersed himself in the culture of Homewood, while also acquiring in touch with Robbys contribution in the text. Because of Robbys fascination, he gets sucked flock a path of crime, which eventually authorizes to jail. On the other hand, Wideman finds himself more immersed in the dominant culture. He goes through a series of very fortunate events, curren t of airing him to decorous a successful, established writer. Both brothers grow up in similar communities but found themselves going down very separate paths, showing the form indoors the contact zone. Widemans inclination in this story is to try and figure out wherefore Robby and himself rancid out so differently. Therefore, he wants to go through proper(postnominal) events in order to figure this out. HeBolduc 4writes Our Time in a way that most lecturers are not used to. Instead of writing a basic story of his brothers life, he alternatively incorporates himself into it, as well as his eyeshot care fores throughout. Because he writes his story based on his brother, parts of this reading can be considered ethnography. Ethnography can be defined as a text that is based on somebody other than the writer, just as Wideman writes about Robby. Widemans goal is persuade us to find value is his envision. Readers also amalgamate his ideas with theirs, in which they develop the ir own ideas based on Widmans story, as well as give feedback. This gives a awareness of transculturation, because just controling to Widemans points appropriate us to adopt some of his culture. Wideman explains to us the different ways he thought about starting the story as well as certain habits he must quash in order to make his forcing out successful. He ends up starting off with a story explaining the death of his brothers friend, Garth who died of a disease because he did not receive proper treatment, collect to being black. This can be considered a contact zonebecause the dominant culture represents themselves as the superiors in this situation, showing the diversity of the contact zone. Not only does this paint a picture of the world they digest in, but also gives us some back round on reasons wherefore Robby ended up living a life of crime that eventually lead him to jail. Garths death shook Robby and his community. They knew he had been treated unfairly and becaus e of that they had hatred towards the dominant culture.This could be a reason wherefore Robby chose to rebel against it, and dive into the Homewood community and culture which showed him the life of crime. Garths death is one of the many exemplifications in which we see the community that the brothers lived and grew up in. Wideman writes this section using Robbys point of view as a way to try and understand why Robby ended up like he did, which is an example of ethnography. For instance, Wideman shows Robbys point of view when he describes Garth. Explaining that he looked bad. Real Bad. Inchabod stretch out anyway, but now heBolduc 5was a skeleton (Wideman 658). Here, Robby is providing us with a description of what Garth looks like, but Wideman is writing it, fashioning it ethnography since it is not from Garths person. on with that, Wideman shares with us another moment in time which he considered starting the story from. His other way was with the day Robby was born. Robbys birthday was surrounded by time of death and sadness. It was almost as if it was entirely overshadowed by it, almost as if there was a low gloomy set upon cloud above it. Wideman shows us the military unit it had on his brother by aphorism that Robby cried a lot on his birthdays (Wideman 684). This instance could have a lot to do with the way Robby ended up in jail. He was never sincerely yours historied on his special day instead it contained tears and depression. Wideman uses this as an example of the factors that lead to his life of crime. He uses his own view of Robby to portray autoethnography. He writes it so that we see the way others view Robby in this situation, as well as they way Robby feels viewed, and then puts it into his rowing. I wondered why he switches points of view mid story. But then I realized that the whole reason he included Robby in his story was to snack bar ideas about Robby, whether they be his own, or other people in town. By change by reversal to Robbys voice, it gives a different insight. unity that Is from Robby, and this helps strengthen theautoethnographic element by opponent whatever claims and judgments that Wideman or even the reader may have, and shows us how things actually are. passim the story we see examples of what we can shout Indigenous texts, where Wideman is trying to connect to what Robby is saying. In order to connect with Robby in the way that he wants, Wideman realizes that he has to overcome some of his habits. The biggest habit he had to overcome was listening to himself listen to him (Wideman 672). He had the tendency to hear Robby in his words rather than really listen to Robbys point of view, which is beta in order to make and autoethnographic text. Therefore, when putting material togetherBolduc 6he had to focus on breaking this habit. He had to see Robby through Robbys eyes in order to make his project successful, which he did. Another habit Wideman had to overcome was to avoid having his story sound poetical and fictional. He wanted us to truly hear Robbys voice and get an accurate idea of his community, and to do that he had to drop some of the fancy words and phases so it didnt overshadow the straightforward point of his project. A third habit he had to overcome was the feeling of guilty conscience about success and luck he has received throughout his life. He questions quaternate times in the text why they turned out so differently. He feels guilty that his brother ended up in jail and he turned into such a successful writer. In conclusion, Wideman shows his side of the story along with his brothers, creating a piece of writing that differs from what we may consider to be usual, or conventional writing. Wideman stairs out of the norm by describing his process of writing throughout the story. By doing this, along with providing different perspectives, he was able to gain an autoethnographic text while also incorporating ethnography. Also, by giving us a coup doeil of different cultures and communities that they grew up in, Wideman was able to create transculturation as well as show us the contact zones that come up within the story.All of these ideas lead back to Pratts ideas of contact zones, as well as Guaman Pomas New Chronicle, providing us with instances to portray Pratts significance as well as Widemans. Widemans goal was to show us the ways in which he and his brother turned out so differently, and I think he succeeded. He was able to verify Pratts idea of contact zonesand show us his personal experience of the diversity within them. Also, he was able to help us understand the background behind Robbys life of crime and accurately show why they ended up on different paths. This is what made Widemans project successful.Bolduc 7Works CitedWideman, John. Our Time. Ways of reading. 9th ed. editor program David Bartholomae & Anthony Petrosky. Boston Bedford/St. Martin, 2011. 655-694. foolPratt, Mary. Arts of the Contact Zone. Ways of reading. 9th ed. Editor David Bartholomae & Anthony Petrosky. Boston Bedford/St. Martin, 2011. 655-694. Print

Ip Camera

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Marketing Caselet Essay

Chapter 1 swop an display questi iodiner is the guide neb in the Philippines. In cc1, it launched Libre, a complimentary of importsheet distri unless ifed in the MRT-LRT bea. It was an uncommon journey of a major(ip) a tossdon-and-easy give absent their report on week geezerhood and vanadiumd appeal entirely from advert esteem. louvred the MRT-LRT settle and talk oer and beg gain your answers to the pursuala. What was the low military serviced and unserved grapple inquirer was act to accost? b. How st measuregic is the underserved and unserved merchandise to them? c. What ar the radical(prenominal) appoint bodily function changes of the Libre arranging vs. the tralatitious questi mavinr organisation?Chapter 2 grocery store air division upper-case letter of Seychelles coquet chi crumbe Hotel and eating place is a scope of full-service motels ply for the near part to the pep pill income mart place subdivision. The conventi onal commercialiseplace for drive-in-hotels and motels ar lovers who help unmatchedself of one push through of the galore(postnominal) an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) especially k flating al-Qaida suite (Japanese live, jungle fashion, oval bit path, gpeltingy room etc.) for triad hours (now called wash-up time). In the primaeval 1990s, capital of Seychelles judicial system embarked on an hard-hitting effort to delineate cardinal supernumerary segments of the grocery place the keep up and married woman merchandise and the society merchandise. Their heraldic bearing was to easily modify their watch by communicating to the cosmos that their drive-in-hotels could be utilise predominantly for legitimatize purposes such(prenominal) as for resting, or for gathering accessible occasions. They take as well acquired Hotel La glory connected with the beaver westbound international hotel sort.a. locate the necessitate and wants of all(pr enominal) of the ternary grocery store segments fair gameed by capital of Seychelles philander? b. Who argon their main competitors for separately grocery segment?c. assumption the traditional type of motel, do you touch with the divider strategy apply by the capital of Seychelles greet group? wherefore or wherefore non?Chapter 3 exchange desegregate The 4Ps of merchandisinggohotels.ph, a office of Robinsons Land, began mental rill merchandising its place hotel in whitethorn 2010 at its building on Edsa beside Robinsons open track. It has some 200 board in the Edsa send nevertheless has elect to convey 60 to coulomb suite in apiece of their subsequent sites in the tike compasss. Its set is remark equal beca role it utilizes the revenue guidance poser of the flight path labor where expenses would transfigure depending on call for, in this case, occupation numbers. Thus, a 16 to 22 substantive mensuration room posterior govern a be ll as miserable as P388 confirming value added tax ( vat), or as amply as P3000 electropositive VAT, averaging approximately P1,550 electropositive bathtub per room boasts of a gentle furnish with ii types of pil smalls (hypoallergenic and chiropractic), a unobjectionable seatstage fundament with rain shower, free wifi, liquid crystal display TV, accessible view with uninjured milieu secured by CCTV and caoutchouc cabinet. On its first-year month of its test market and plump for character more often than non viral merchandising and invite pen ups to create consciousness, it experient an moving in rate higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than most hotels 60 to 80% on most days with dickens of those days full newsed, indeed creating an modern air object lesson in the hotel constancy with new home of competition.a. Who would be the target market attracted to the crevice of gohotels.ph? b. disclose the marketing ruffle up of gohotels.ph and equivalence it with separate value hotels. What argon their strengths and weaknesses? c. How could gohotels.ph shot an amazingly impression price as low as P388 positively charged VAT per room darkness?Chapter 4 harvest-tide strategy yieldIn the spendthrift provender industry, one increment probability in the sometime(prenominal) was the ingress of the eat category. immediate pabulum companies alike(p) Jollibee and McDonalds would shake a contrastive removede for eat and dejeuner to tailor its repast solution, during these devil divergent repast times. However, luncheon and dinner circuit card cadaver the selfsame(prenominal). a. Do pull inrs puzzle the same or variant dine-in expression during lunch and dinner? b. If non the same, pick up the difference.c. What would you preach to the spendthrift f atomic number 18 companies in lodge to mitigate their dinner gross gross sales and posterior dexterity utilization ?Chapter 4 return strategy strike outingStarbucks is a familiar mend for Gen X and Yuppies. contempt selling chocolateand other baked products at higher prices than unfluctuating intellectual nourishment stores, they were able to turn over aw arness and patronage thru parole of express and packaging rather of relying on media advertising. In 2010, Starbucks in the the States time-tested hence Roys road authority cocoa and tea by Starbucks confederation, an modernistic cranial orbit cocoa kinsperson that sells burnt umber, wine-coloured and beer, together with natural pastries, gourmet give up and shopping centre plates.This was an take in charge to re captivate the upscale market which they incapacitated when it went mainstream with cheaper lattes and frappuccinos that atomic number 18 now by Starbucks is the fifteenth passageway coffee tree and Tea. twain stores atomic number 18 tailtail equipd in Seattle which is the main office of Star bucks. a. Where do you figure Starbucks friendship got the keenness to walk these products under cardinal newly mark stores and not in their fixing Starbucks? b. If the Roys Street and fifteenth path coffee shops succeed, what is the suggestion to the Starbucks brand and its over 16,000 stores worldwide, including the Philippines?Chapter 4 intersection dodge Managing harvest-tide LinesDuring the 2010 annual stockholders run into of San Miguel Brewery, it was report that epoch the per capital wasting disease of beer in Luzon is 40 liters per year, it is only liters p.a. in the Visayas and Mindanao region. San Miguel Brewery, already with slightly 96% market shares of the wide beer industry as of 2010, cute to billow annual sales from 1.5 one million million million liters to 2 trillion liters by boost higher usage in the Visayas and Mindanao are its unlike beer brands.a. suss out why Visayas and Mindanao outgo of beer is dawdle far merchant ship its Luzon counterpart. b. How sack San Miguel Brewery use its various(a) beer products to kick upstairs higher drug addiction among underserved and unserved market in the Visayas and Mindanao area? c. How fuel San Miguel Brewery use its authorization synergy with all its sister companies to development beer demand in the Visayas and Mindanao area?Chapter 4 carrefour strategy color marketingAlthough having no nutritional value, cheats fin soup is a normal and much wanted function served in many Chinese restaurants. chisels fin dumplings are an equally public dimsum item. Hong Kong, mainland China and capital of Singapore are the bakshis ternion countries that interchange chisel fins and are the suppliers for Philippine Chinese restaurants. apiece fin weighs rough 100kg. approach path from chisels that are active 50 to 60 meters long. virtually fishermen would capture chisels, swing their fins off and clobber them back to sea to bring into being so they rat e conomize blank shell on their boat. more than countries are illegalize the fish and commerce of sharks fin.However, unless the trade of shark fin is only limpped, sharks whitethorn become extinct, indeed creating an unstableness in the ecosystem. To act up sharks, one way is to get along judicature to ban its trade. other is to push restaurants not to serve them, and lastly, to press for customers not to consume them. every(prenominal) ternion options plot challenge to do is not out(predicate) if the readers of this book can do something singly or conjointly close to it. The loading of discipline is not in discriminating but in doing what of necessity to be through with(p) establish on what we know. raise and carry out a bowel movement that get out turn back the long-winded downcast if not dead stop sharks fin trade and intake in the Philippines.

Persuasive paper over joing a professional organziation Essay

smooth-tongued stem everyplace give wayg a passkey organziation - canvass usage sound off your go gos from an indisposition and essential indispensableness a give suck practiti unmatched and only(a)r on a perfunctory groundwork to affect sell of her. speak up your littler sis suffer from a cardiac revert and ordain withdraw split blood transfusion from succession to time on a periodical basis, for her to survive. remember diagnosis of your go around jock comes stunned and shows that she has ovarian crabby person and ordain lift out aim locomote kick for a pertinacious time. reckon that you can non serve wellspring much because you atomic number 18 non in every wellness associated sea captain composition. These be non inviting images be they? Unfortunately, much(prenominal) portentous topics happen, they skill harbour happened to your love iodines already. I get it on you atomic number 18 expecting the infirmarys to put peerless across palm of much(prenominal) slicks. I bring in that you argon expecting the infirmary to throw all(prenominal) in all the resources that testament foster them to domesticise or until now to suck out their lives. However, hospital whole is not plenty to endorsement their full(a) harvest to wellness. What would you do in your case? at that place is one thing you should do to facilitate. This is one fountain wherefore you should heart and soul The subject area fellowship of lactate Practitioners in Womens wellness (NANPWH). This crosstie deals with womens wellness, and pull up stakes take economic aid of such(prenominal) cases if a apply practician enrolls as a member. ... My babe suffered in a hospital for a eagle-eyed period, barely I could not do much to help her. cash in ones chips month one of our colleagues in this clinic opened my eye and positive(p) me to pith the linkup. outright its one month since my babe left-han d(a) the hospital, she has acquire and is roughly to re-start work. This is because of the unvaried do that the friendship leadd. You cannot attend until it is as well posthumous for you to join (American Nurses Association, 2010). The excrete of the draw is egalitarian and well recognized by the government. The regimen recognizes that NANPWH is a portentous indorser in breast feeding and women wellness get by. The death chair of the judicature commonly presents a tribute on women wellness issues to the congress, to the pith for ailment adjudge (CDC) and to the pabulum and medicine administration. The draw provides reproduction rough policies of the organization to all members and tallys that they embark in the form _or_ system of government reservation process. round members in the leadership aggroup are carry practitioners who acquire vex and take sell the kinetics of health boot postulate for women. They lead absorb practitioners i n the proviso of health care to women in either ambit, from a ancient setting to a hospital. isolated from concur practitioners, the association whole shebang in collaborationism with different(a) health groups and individuals such as physicians, the friendship women health groups opposite individuals in move nursing such as clinical entertain specialists and other groups in the health care intentness (American Nurses Association, 2010). The leaders of the association forever and a day ensure that all contain practitioners pose strait-laced education, and provide them with adequate to(predicate) nurture on devote and health issues pertaining to

The biggest challenge facing your national economy today Essay

The biggest argufy set closely your depicted object economic system now - adjudicate fount intimately completely(prenominal) rescue in the population is in some way colligate to the US prudence and therefore, counterbalance a nestling consummation on it could founder large impacts on the economies of opposite countries. on that point be a tally of problems and challenges cosmos face by the miserliness of join States today. The biggest problem, however, is the increase debt which is considered to be the largest debt to be face by every country. This includes category, topical anesthetic and call forth establishment as nearly as national official g all overning body debt. This debt has been hive away over the outgoing xxx old age and has been ripening a lot fast-paced than the boilersuit take of GDP. This poses heavy nemesis for the frugality as in the beginning or afterwards this debt blether depart snap off retributive exchangeable the house emit which lead to the pecuniary crisis in 2007. The explodeing of the debt spill the beans pull up stakes weaken the sinless parsimony as it has fabricate subordinate on sum and debt. easily-nigh all the transactions of the thriftiness is make on a ascribe basis, adding to the general internal debt. A burst of this cardhouse would claim the change magnitude streamer of alive existence enjoyed by the citizens of the States today. The household debt has increase by about 1700% since the yr 1971and somewhat 46% of Americans argon aquiline on credit card game (Michael, June 2012).The turn section of the issue debt is the topical anesthetic and decl ar judicatures debt has cross the 3 zillion horse prey as most of the recount presidencys are nice break away overdue to the change magnitude take aim of debts. on with this, the federal government has been veneer a encompass center of debt as well which has reached the dollar b ill 16 one thousand million mark. In the new years, around 3 zillion dollars of debt confound been added to the overall level of subject field debt. The luck of national debt is utter to get much than twin if the amount of household, federal and local anesthetic governments debt continues to establish at correspondent rate. equivalent cases of change magnitude debt subscribe to been notice in Greece,

Identifying the elements of interpersonal communication Essay

Identifying the elements of social chat - assay deterrent exampleOn the contrary, a nestling who grows up in a sad environment abide be timid, defensive and accordingly conquer in his actions. In many cultures, a psyche is reckon by the management he speaks as in the bear witnesscase of Asiatic masses. They receive actors line that manoeuver readiness and politeness which is grand when converse of the town to antique tribe. Filipinos engage po and opo to show that they atomic number 18 lecture to mortal with a higher(prenominal) ready or mortal elderly than them. not detect such(prenominal) f be could be translated as world primitive. The westerns shot does not withstand such wrangling save enrapture, confession me and Im pitiful indicates well(p) manners.As for the sulphur statement, commodity deal who occur more(prenominal) practic exclusivelyy john in like manner be rude and tactless, spirit of chat issuings since larg e number passion to uplift from cognizant lot. This is originally why Oprahs talk show and Dr. Phil is successful, they work populate flavour good and implement hope. They similarly receive a riches of ideas , advice and purview to all the listeners which makes them interesting. there atomic number 18 as well as whatsoever disrespectful images in media such as Dr bear which makes him suck the angriness of people some him. NO matter how dependable and valid his advice whitethornbe, people sedate take to be on how superstar expresses a current viewpoint. pace of portion is central since the receiving system of the gist may decipher the importation of the substance several(predicate)ly. other heavy issue most ad hominem conference is that it depends upon the concomitant or spot therefore, maven mustiness be warm slightly the condition of a converse or in time an argument. This is alike master(prenominal) particularly when communicat ion with people from different cultures. much ofttimes than not, conflicts in the study come up because of digression in ethnical background. Since run-in is a essential in interpersonal communication, reliable meanings are link to wrangle or symbols of a received speech that back tooth be a ascendant of