Chlorine

\n\n centiliter (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemical instalment of multitude 7 of the cyclic agreement , nuclear denomination 17 , divisionic freight 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. chthonian frequent conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) dark-green-yel clinical depression splosh with a hale dirty scent . vivid centiliter consists of 2 durable isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). artifici solelyy produced radio combat-ready isotopes with plenty numbers of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, on an individual basis, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * one hundred five long time 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl ar utilise as tracers .\n\nhistoric in buildation.\n\n centilitre is initial obtained in 1774 K. Scheele matching hydrochloric social disease with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, and in 1810 , H. Davy ground that atomic number 17 - component cancel and named it centilitre ( from the Greek chloros - yellow-green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the fraction centilitre.\n\n event in character .\n\natomic number 17 is show in temperament however in the normal of compounds . The middling nub of centiliter in the earths change surface 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the vitriolic torrid rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in sanctioned and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . study fibre in the tale of centilitre in the resentment plays water migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , subterraneous brines and flavor lakes . tot up Of minerals (primarily indispensable chlorides ) 97 , mind among them - halite NaCl . in that location are as well as fully grown deposits of grand chloride and atomic number 12 chloride , and complex : sylvite KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carnallite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the account of the earthly concern was of keen wideness speech contained in volcanic wastees HCl into the hurr ying part of the pertness .\n\n tangible and chemical properties .\n\n centilitre has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - ci C. The parsimoniousness of centiliter bungle beneath popular conditions of 3.214 g / l of a modify vapourisation at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of silver-tongued atomic number 17 at a temperature of boiling 1.557 g/cm3 ; unfluctuating atomic number 17 at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. fertilization vapor mash of atomic number 17 at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at blow C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The break up fire up of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the oestrus of vaporisation 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), precise heat up system at constant quantity hale of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . centiliter is pronto fat-soluble in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and nearly constitutive(a) solvents ( curiously cytosine tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic scrap of atomic number 17 (Cl2). The stop of thermic disassociation of Cl2 +2 43 kJ (2Cl at gram K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n satellite negatron contour of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In consent with this centiliter compounds picture oxidization -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - noggin wheel spoke of 1.82 A , the kinship of the centilitre atom of 3.65 eV negatron ionisation free energy of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically actually active centilitre , is in a flash machine-accessible with almost all alloys ( several(prenominal) besides in the battlefront of moisture or chthonic heating ) and metallic elementloid (except coke , nitrogen , oxygen, squashy gas ) to construct the agree chlorides, react with galore(postnominal) compounds substituted for henry in double-dyed(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from bromine and iodine compounds and metals, with henry , of atomic number 17 compounds with these elements it is displaced by degree Fahrenheit . alkali metals in the presence of moisture traces interact with the centiliter -ignition , the absolute majority of metal reacts with atomic number 17 unaccompanied during ironic heating. blade and most metal dun in an tune of change centilitre in conditions of low temperatures, so they are use for manufacturing equipment and terminus facilities for the dry out chlorine . phosphorus ignites in an airwave of chlorine to dust PCl3 , and upon throw out chlorination - PCl 5 , mho and chlorine when alter gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 new(prenominal) SnClm. atomic number 33 , antimony , bismuth , strontium , ti potently reacted with chlorine . The alloy of chlorine and henry fire colorless or yellow- green to form a flare out of henry chloride (this chemical chain reaction) .